{"id":17786,"date":"2022-08-09T20:26:36","date_gmt":"2022-08-09T18:26:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www2.memri.org\/polish\/?p=17786"},"modified":"2022-08-09T20:26:36","modified_gmt":"2022-08-09T18:26:36","slug":"oburzenie-w-egipcie-na-wypowiedzi-wykladowcy-z-al-azhar-usprawiedliwiajacych-mordowanie-nieskromnych-kobiet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www2.memri.org\/polish\/oburzenie-w-egipcie-na-wypowiedzi-wykladowcy-z-al-azhar-usprawiedliwiajacych-mordowanie-nieskromnych-kobiet\/17786","title":{"rendered":"Oburzenie w Egipcie na wypowiedzi wyk\u0142adowcy z Al-Azhar usprawiedliwiaj\u0105cych mordowanie \u201enieskromnych\u201d kobiet"},"content":{"rendered":"

20 czerwca 2022 r. Naira Al-Aszraf, egipska studentka, zosta\u0142a zasztyletowana przez koleg\u0119 studenta, Muhammada 'Adela, u bram Uniwersytetu Mansoura w p\u00f3\u0142nocnym Egipcie, po tym, jak odrzuci\u0142a jego zaloty i odm\u00f3wi\u0142a po\u015blubienia go.\u00a0Kilka dni p\u00f3\u017aniej podobny incydent mia\u0142 miejsce w Jordanii, na Uniwersytecie Nauk Stosowanych w Ammanie, kiedy studentka imieniem Iman Arszid zosta\u0142a zamordowana w podobnych okoliczno\u015bciach.\u00a0<\/span>[1]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Zamordowanie Nairy Al-Aszraf wywo\u0142a\u0142o szok i oburzenie w Egipcie, ale byli te\u017c tacy, kt\u00f3rzy usprawiedliwiali zbrodni\u0119, twierdz\u0105c, \u017ce Al-Aszraf nie nosi\u0142a hid\u017cabu (zas\u0142ony).\u00a0Wyr\u00f3\u017cnia\u0142 si\u0119 w\u015br\u00f3d nich islamski kaznodzieja Mabrouk 'Attia, dawniej dziekan wydzia\u0142u szariatu Al-Azhar, a obecnie wyk\u0142adowca na Uniwersytecie Al-Azhar.\u00a0W wideo, kt\u00f3re zamie\u015bci\u0142 na Facebooku po morderstwie, stwierdzi\u0142, \u017ce kobiety, kt\u00f3re nie chc\u0105 zosta\u0107 zamordowane, powinny temu zapobiec, ubieraj\u0105c si\u0119 skromnie.\u00a0Powiedzia\u0142: \u201eKobiety nosz\u0105 hid\u017cab, aby pozosta\u0107 przy \u017cyciu. Nosz\u0105 lu\u017ane ubrania, aby unikn\u0105\u0107 kuszenia [m\u0119\u017cczyzn]. Je\u015bli cenisz swoje \u017cycie, musisz wyj\u015b\u0107 z domu w szerokiej, a nie obcis\u0142ej odzie\u017cy i nie nosz\u0105c spodni lub z w\u0142osami rozpuszczonymi wok\u00f3\u0142 policzk\u00f3w. Je\u015bli to zrobisz, jaki\u015b za\u015bliniony m\u0119\u017cczyzna mo\u017ce ci\u0119 zobaczy\u0107 i zamordowa\u0107. To jest fakt.”<\/span>[2]<\/span><\/a> Niekt\u00f3rzy egipscy u\u017cytkownicy medi\u00f3w spo\u0142eczno\u015bciowych usprawiedliwiali wypowiedzi Attii i samego morderc\u0119, a nawet uruchomili hashtag: \u201eMuhammad Adel jest ofiar\u0105, a nie przest\u0119pc\u0105\u201d.\u00a0<\/span>[3]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Wielu innych Egipcjan zareagowa\u0142o z furi\u0105 na stanowisko 'Attii i jego zwolennik\u00f3w.\u00a0Nazwali to obwinianiem ofiary, usprawiedliwianiem przemocy wobec kobiet, a nawet morderczym pod\u017ceganiem.\u00a0Narodowa Rada Kobiet z\u0142o\u017cy\u0142a skarg\u0119 na Atti\u0119 do prokuratora generalnego o pod\u017ceganie do morderstwa.\u00a0Dziesi\u0105tki dziennikarek i aktywistek podpisa\u0142y\u00a0komunikat ostrzegaj\u0105cy przed pod\u017ceganiem wobec kobiet i usprawiedliwianiem przemocy w mediach spo\u0142eczno\u015bciowych.\u00a0Wyrazi\u0142y obaw\u0119, \u017ce same mog\u0105 by\u0107 nast\u0119pn\u0105 ofiar\u0105, i wezwa\u0142y prokuratora generalnego Egiptu, by po\u0142o\u017cy\u0142 kres nienawistnemu dyskursowi.\u00a0W mediach spo\u0142eczno\u015bciowych pojawi\u0142y si\u0119 hashtagi, takie jak \u201eJestem nast\u0119pn\u0105 ofiar\u0105\u201d i \u201ePrawo Nairy\u201d.\u00a0<\/span>[4]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Uniwersytet Al-Azhar wyda\u0142 o\u015bwiadczenie, w kt\u00f3rym odrzuci\u0142 stanowisko Attii, nazywaj\u0105c je jego \u201eosobist\u0105 opini\u0105, kt\u00f3ra jest sprzeczna z szacunkiem Al-Azhar dla kobiet i \u015brodkami, jakie [Al-Azhar] podj\u0105\u0142 w celu ochrony ich praw i wzmocnienia ich pozycji\u201d.\u00a0<\/span>[5]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Globalne Centrum Fatwy Al-Azhar wyda\u0142o o\u015bwiadczenie, \u017ce \u201eocenianie moralno\u015bci kobiety na podstawie tego, czy nosi zas\u0142on\u0119, jest sprzeczne z religi\u0105\u201d i \u017ce \u201eu\u017cywanie zas\u0142ony jako pretekstu do atakowania kobiet jest powa\u017cn\u0105 i nagann\u0105 zbrodni\u0105\u201d.<\/span>[6]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Dar Al-Ifta, oficjalny urz\u0105d fatw w Egipcie, r\u00f3wnie\u017c pot\u0119pi\u0142 o\u015bwiadczenia Attii, nie wymieniaj\u0105c go z imienia i nazwiska, m\u00f3wi\u0105c: \u201eSk\u0142onno\u015b\u0107 niekt\u00f3rych samozwa\u0144czych [kaznodziej\u00f3w] do znajdowania zwi\u0105zku mi\u0119dzy atakiem, n\u0119kaniem lub mordowaniem m\u0142odych kobiet a faktem, \u017ce nie nosi\u0142y zas\u0142ony, jest r\u00f3wnoznaczny z mow\u0105 nienawi\u015bci\u2026 i pod\u017ceganiem do atakowania kobiet\u2026\u201d\u00a0<\/span>[7]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

W odpowiedzi na publiczne oburzenie jego wypowiedziami Attia opublikowa\u0142 kolejne wideo, w kt\u00f3rym stwierdzi\u0142, \u017ce nie zaatakowa\u0142 Nairy Al-Aszraf ani nie wspomnia\u0142 o jej sposobie ubierania si\u0119.\u00a0Doda\u0142, \u017ce w rzeczywisto\u015bci modli\u0142 si\u0119 za dusz\u0119 Nairy i mia\u0142 nadziej\u0119, \u017ce morderca otrzyma sprawiedliw\u0105 kar\u0119, na jak\u0105 zas\u0142u\u017cy\u0142.\u00a0\u201eTo by\u0142a naganna i ohydna zbrodnia \u2013 powiedzia\u0142.\u00a0– Nie noszenie zas\u0142ony nie jest usprawiedliwieniem dla morderstwa. [tylko] powiedzia\u0142em, \u017ce zas\u0142ona chroni [kobiety] i zmniejsza przypadki [atak\u00f3w na nie]\u201d.\u00a0Oznajmi\u0142 r\u00f3wnie\u017c, \u017ce zawiesi\u0142 swoj\u0105 dzia\u0142alno\u015b\u0107 w mediach spo\u0142eczno\u015bciowych.\u00a0<\/span>[8]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Krytyk\u0119 wypowiedzi Mabrouka 'Attii podj\u0119\u0142a r\u00f3wnie\u017c prasa egipska.\u00a0Wiele artyku\u0142\u00f3w ostro atakowa\u0142o go za powi\u0105zanie kobiecych ubior\u00f3w z przypadkami morderstw i ostro krytykowa\u0142o spo\u0142ecze\u0144stwo egipskie za dopuszczenie do tego, by takie ekstremistyczne my\u015blenie przenikn\u0119\u0142o do systemu edukacji i innych instytucji.\u00a0Wzywano do zaj\u0119cia si\u0119 \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142em problemu, aby powstrzyma\u0107 pod\u017ceganie wobec kobiet i zapobiec kolejnemu morderstwu.<\/span><\/p>\n

[Dalszy tekst – fragmenty niekt\u00f3rych z tych artyku\u0142\u00f3w \u2013 nie jest spolszczony]<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Cartoon in London-based daily: A man proposes marriage to a Woman at Gunpoint (Al-Arabi Al-Jadid, London, June 26, 2022)<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Egyptian Liberal: Mabrouk 'Attia Represents An Extremist Ideology That Has Become Entrenched Among Us; We Must Fight It<\/b><\/p>\n

Liberal journalist Khaled Montasser wrote in his column in the daily\u00a0<\/span>Al-Watan<\/span><\/i>\u00a0that the problem is not Mabrouk 'Attia himself, but the fact that he represents a mentality prevalent in Egypt and that there are millions who think like him, including in government positions and in the education system. He called to place the issue at the top of the agenda and treat the roots of the problem. He wrote: „When Sheikh Mabrouk withdrew [from social media] people were happy\u2026 and thought that the war on fundamentalism was over. [But] I believe that this war has [just] begun, because Mabrouk is not just one man. He [represents] a movement, a phenomenon\u2026\u00a0 And even if Mabrouk has withdrawn [from social media], what about all the other Mabrouks who welcome [his statements]? They penetrate the education system and our brains\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

Mabrouk has withdrawn from the media, but will he withdraw from lecturing? An even if he does, we have millions of others in administrative positions who have the same mentality. They speak from their pulpits in the same language, enter classrooms to brainwash children with the same kind of talk, and play the same role as he does in universities, in commercial companies and in factories. This is a mentality that infiltrates [society] and waits for an opportunity to take over. Many murderers are just waiting for an opportunity, although currently they are still hiding [their intentions]. There are evil people living among us, as the President says, and the war against them is more important than the war against the external enemy, who has particular characteristics and is found in particular places, whereas they live among us and look like us\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

„Mabrouk [’Attia] may have withdrawn, but his mentality persists. There are still people who identify [with him], and justify crimes [like] murder, bombings and suicide operations!! The war is against the fetid swamp in our own backyard, not against the swarms of flies [it nurtures], which come in through the windows and we must swat them away\u2026 As long as the ideological swamp remains active, the flies will continue laying their eggs there, and larva will hatch out of them carrying rot, illness and death.<\/span><\/p>\n

„Our national discourse must give priority to [the question of] what has happened to the Egyptian mind. Why has it become so susceptible to believing fairytales and to justifying violence with such ease\u2026? How did this virus infect the Egyptian mind and how shall we treat it? What is the preventive inoculation and the treatment protocol?\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

„For years, Mabrouk fascinated viewers and became trendy, and we were bewildered, but did not ask [ourselves] how he had managed take over people’s minds and gain such a following. Had we pondered [this phenomenon], understood it and addressed it, we would not have come to the point where he dares to incite against unveiled women and demand that every women cover herself [from head to toe] in order to protect herself against murder\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

„Mabrouk left or has been expelled [from social media], but the terrorist thinking has not been expelled\u2026 Isolating the virus and understanding its structure will help the doctors to treat it. Have we eliminated the real mental virus, or [only] one of its variants?”<\/span>[9]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Egyptian press cartoons: Responses that justify the murders are more dangerous than the murders themselves (<\/span><\/i>Al-Masri Al-Yawm<\/span>, Egypt, June 23, 2022;\u00a0<\/span><\/i>Al-Yawm Al-Sabi\u2019<\/span>, Egypt, June 27, 2022)<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Egyptian Journalist: „Enough With The Oppression, Sadism And Fascism Over A Headscarf”<\/b><\/p>\n

Al-Watan<\/span><\/i>\u00a0columnist\u00a0Sahar\u00a0Al-Ga’ara sharply criticized Mabrouk 'Attia, stating that, instead of preaching tolerance, as a cleric should, he permitted the killing of unveiled women, an act no less grave than accusing them of heresy. She wrote:\u00a0\u201cDid Niara Ashraf have to be butchered at the university gates for us to stand up and demand to silence the 'trumpets of incitement’ that spread hatred and contempt for women, encourage violence against them and call for terror against women who do not don the veil? Who knows how many Nairas we must sacrifice to the idols of fanatic religious demagogy and to the social media clowns and frauds who erode the security and social soundness of the homeland? [They do this] just in order to gain the title of 'influencer’ or make millions from their contemptuous videos that shamelessly discuss women’s honor under the title of 'there is no shame in religion.’ How many Nairas have to die so that one preacher will leave [social media]?…<\/span><\/p>\n

„For Mabrouk 'Attia\u2026 the pure blood of Naira \u2013 whose [memory] every decent human being should treat with silent respect\u00a0 \u2013 was not enough. He saw [her death] as an opportunity to divide the nation and tear the social fabric by loudly disparaging Egyptian women who do not wear the veil, in a show that can be described, at the very least, as flaying the victim and cutting her to pieces with false and fabricated accusations\u2026\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

„We are facing a paradoxical social situation where, instead of preaching tolerance and grace, a religious preacher decides to divide women into two categories: the ones who wear the veil and [thus] enjoy security, and the unveiled ones, who can be killed if they do not happen to be covered from head to toe. He has forgotten that Egypt has religious pluralism. Can you imagine the situation that Egypt’s Christian women are facing, now that they are exposed to terror? Mabrouk tried to drag us into a religious arena and enlist his viewers’ help in the [fight] against women, using the veil [as an excuse]. This is another accusation, an accusation of heresy. He shamelessly used the veil to slander any woman who opposed him, presenting her to society as an 'infidel secularist.’ This is an old, idiotic and obvious game\u2026\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The Sheikh of Al-Azhar has already ruled that not wearing the veil does not exclude [a woman] from the fold of Islam.<\/span>[1]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0The veil is not the sixth pillar of Islam, and some hold that it is neither a [Islamic] custom nor a commandment. The Sheikh of Al-Azhar said that neglecting [to wear it] is merely a transgression. But forcing women to wear a Taliban-style veil or an Iranian chador is not just an absurdity but a threat to public safety\u2026\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Enough with the oppression, sadism and fascism for the sake of a headscarf. Begone, preacher. May Allah not bless you.”<\/span>[2]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Egyptian Writer: The Extremist Clerics Are The Ones Who Objectify Women<\/b><\/p>\n

In her column in\u00a0<\/span>Al-Masri Al-Yawm<\/span><\/i>, Fatima Na’out, an Egyptian poet and journalist, condemned the clerics who objectify women and blame incidents of assault on the victim’s appearance. She urged to fight this mentality, calling it terrorist: „As usual, the so-called clerics appear whenever a [an issue concerning] woman comes up, but disappear when there are disasters, epidemics, poverty, disease, world wars and national [crises]. There is a strange connection between their showing up and [the issue] of the woman’s body. The only thing that grabbed their attention in this resounding tragedy that broke Egypt’s heart was the fact that the young murder victim did not wear a veil! They regarded this as the reason for the murder!\u00a0 As fate would have it, two days after Naira’s death a similar ugly crime\u00a0 occurred in Jordan. The victim was a student named Iman Arshid, who was murdered by a fellow student for the same reason: she rebuffed his burning love. The only difference between the two victims was the Jordanian martyr did wear the veil. It was as though fate wanted to silence those who go to extremes in their religious discourse and actions, and [demonstrate] that the crime [of murder] is blind and does not care whether the woman’s hair [is covered or not], and that this distinction exists only in the minds of the so-called clerics.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

„One of those [preachers] who go to extremes in their religious discourse and actions [although] religion has nothing to do with them said that 'the reason for the crime was the objectifying of women in [television] dramas and films\u2026’ This begs the question: Who is it that objectifies women and turns them into cheap commodities that can be bought and sold? Is it drama and art, which are valuable and encourage women to excel, work, prove themselves, rely on themselves and face society with determination and self-respect? Or is it the extremists and terrorists whom we saw with our own eyes selling women hostages in slave markets in all the areas taken over by ISIS, Boko Haram, the Taliban and the other organizations of\u00a0<\/span>takfir<\/span><\/i>, degradation, murder and distortion of religion? Who objectifies women and degrades their humanity? A drama series like „Illa Ana” [„Just Me”],<\/span>[3]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0in which young heroines who face social, psychological and health issues endure and succeed? Or the preacher who calls to harass and hurt a woman who does not wear the veil, regardless of her religion? I do not understand how this man has not been arrested after uttering these intimidating statements.”<\/span>[4]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Bahraini Columnist In Egyptian Daily: „We Must Place The Issue Of Women’s Status At The Top Of The Agenda”<\/b><\/p>\n

Bahraini journalist Khawla Matar, a columnist for the Egyptian daily\u00a0<\/span>Al-Shurouq<\/span><\/i>, wrote that Arab societies must stop marginalizing the issue of women’s status, and also reexamine their education systems and take practical measures to change the situation. She wrote: „Studies published by the relevant research centers stress that physical and sexual assault on women has nothing to do with what they wear, or with so called 'immodest appearance.’ On the contrary, many women who do wear the hijab and niqab experience more harassment [than those who don\u2019t], on the street, on public transportation, at the beach, at the cinema, in coffee shops and in every [public] space. [These spaces] are open to everyone, but not to women, who have to think hard before gathering the courage and the mental strength to bravely realize their basic right as human beings…<\/span><\/p>\n

„These incidents [of murder] were not random. This is a social rift that will exact a heavy price from us for generations to come, and the victims will mostly be women. Whereas some countries had revolutions and uprisings [that caused them to]\u00a0 reconsider the status of women, in [other countries] this issue, and society\u2019s treatment of women, remain far removed from any reexamination\u2026 Let us genuinely reexamine the education system, not because this a demand of the new 'friends and allies’ of some of our countries, but in order to restore to Arab women their dignity and their rights as human beings. [Let us] stop the ignorant clerics, instead of scrutinizing peaceful political associations. It would also be beneficial if families reconsidered the way they bring up their daughters and sons. The solutions are clear, simple and easy, if only the decision-makers, who pay a bunch of media figures to condemn [the murders], would [start] doing something other than voice condemnations for several hours and then forget all about [the incident] until the next woman is murdered, and then another and another, like sheep [slaughtered] for the holiday.”<\/span>[5]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\n

[1]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0This is apparently a reference to statements made several years ago by the Sheikh of Al-Azhar, Ahmad Al-Tayyeb, on a television program, in which he said: „[Wearing] the hijab, namely covering the head and the hair, is a commandment incumbent on all Muslim women. It is mentioned in the Honorable Qur’an, and the entire [Islamic] nation agrees on it. [However,] it is forbidden to claim that a woman who does not wear the veil has left the fold of Islam. According to [Islamic] law, she is [merely] inobedient.\u00a0 \u00a0Failing to wear the veil is a transgression, like any other. It is not one of the grave transgressions. It is less grave, for example, than lying.” Al-Tayyeb’s statements were recently quoted in the Egyptian press following Al-Ashraf’s murder. See e.g.,\u00a0<\/span>Al-Watan<\/span><\/i>\u00a0(Egypt), June 24, 2022.<\/span><\/p>\n

[2]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Al-Watan<\/span><\/i>\u00a0(Egypt), June 23, 2022.<\/span><\/p>\n

[3]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0An Egyptian television series that has been running since 2020 and presents the real-life stories of Egyptian women facing various social and other challenges.<\/span><\/p>\n

[4]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span>Al-Masri Al-Yawm<\/span><\/i>\u00a0(Egypt), June 27, 2022.<\/span><\/p>\n

[5]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Al-Shurouq<\/span><\/i>\u00a0(Egypt), July 3, 2022.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

20 czerwca 2022 r. Naira Al-Aszraf, egipska studentka, zosta\u0142a zasztyletowana przez koleg\u0119 studenta, Muhammada 'Adela, u bram Uniwersytetu Mansoura w p\u00f3\u0142nocnym Egipcie, po tym, jak odrzuci\u0142a jego zaloty i odm\u00f3wi\u0142a po\u015blubienia go.\u00a0Kilka dni p\u00f3\u017aniej podobny incydent mia\u0142 miejsce w Jordanii, na Uniwersytecie Nauk Stosowanych w Ammanie, kiedy studentka imieniem Iman Arszid zosta\u0142a zamordowana w podobnych […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17788,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[824,835,837,863],"tags":[924],"class_list":["post-17786","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-specjalne-komunikaty","category-archiwum","category-kraje","category-egipt","tag-egipt"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www2.memri.org\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17786","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www2.memri.org\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www2.memri.org\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www2.memri.org\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www2.memri.org\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17786"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www2.memri.org\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17786\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17791,"href":"https:\/\/www2.memri.org\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17786\/revisions\/17791"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www2.memri.org\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17788"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www2.memri.org\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17786"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www2.memri.org\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17786"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www2.memri.org\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17786"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}