{"id":14415,"date":"2020-07-02T21:45:56","date_gmt":"2020-07-02T19:45:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www2.memri.org\/polish\/?p=14415"},"modified":"2020-07-02T21:46:38","modified_gmt":"2020-07-02T19:46:38","slug":"arabskie-media-popieraja-grozbe-egiptu-militarnej-interwencji-w-libii-proby-turcji-zostania-regionalnym-supermocarstwem-musza-byc-zatrzymane","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www2.memri.org\/polish\/arabskie-media-popieraja-grozbe-egiptu-militarnej-interwencji-w-libii-proby-turcji-zostania-regionalnym-supermocarstwem-musza-byc-zatrzymane\/14415","title":{"rendered":"Arabskie media popieraj\u0105 gro\u017ab\u0119 Egiptu militarnej interwencji w Libii: Pr\u00f3by Turcji zostania regionalnym supermocarstwem musz\u0105 by\u0107 zatrzymane"},"content":{"rendered":"

Wprowadzenie<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ostatnio nasili\u0142y si\u0119 walki w Libii mi\u0119dzy dwiema stronami w wojnie domowej w tym kraju: z jednej strony Rz\u0105dem Porozumienia Narodowego (GNA) pod kierownictwem Fajeza Al-Sarrad\u017ca, kt\u00f3ry ma poparcie ONZ, Turcji i Kataru, a tak\u017ce islamistycznych kr\u0119g\u00f3w w Libii, takich jak Bractwo Muzu\u0142ma\u0144skie (BM), a z drugiej strony Libijsk\u0105 Armi\u0105 Narodow\u0105 pod dow\u00f3dztwem genera\u0142a Chalify Haftara, kt\u00f3ry jest popierany przez Egipt, Zjednoczone Emiraty Arabskie i Rosj\u0119.<\/p>\n

Wydaje si\u0119, \u017ce rz\u0105d Al-Sarrad\u017ca ma chwilowo przewag\u0119, g\u0142\u00f3wnie dzi\u0119ki coraz wi\u0119kszej militarnej interwencji Turcji, kt\u00f3ra obejmuje powietrzny transport wojownik\u00f3w, broni, dron\u00f3w i pojazd\u00f3w opancerzonych, co wprost \u0142amie embargo na bro\u0144 na\u0142o\u017cone przez ONZ. Si\u0142y Al-Sarrad\u017ca i ich sojusznicy odzyskali pe\u0142n\u0105 kontrol\u0119 nad stolic\u0105, Trypolisem; pochwycili znacz\u0105ce dodatkowe terytoria i nawet uda\u0142o im si\u0119 p\u00f3j\u015b\u0107 na miasto Sirte i obszar Al-D\u017cufra na po\u0142udnie od niego, strategiczny teren \u0142\u0105cz\u0105cy Zachodni\u0105 i Wschodni\u0105 Libi\u0119 i drog\u0119 do bogatych w rop\u0119 naftow\u0105 wschodnich region\u00f3w. Al-D\u017cufra jest tak\u017ce miejscem bazy wojskowej i strategicznego gabinetu operacyjnego si\u0142 genera\u0142a Haftara.<\/p>\n

Ta eskalacja w terenie i posuwanie si\u0119 si\u0142 Al-Sarrad\u017ca, z tureck\u0105 pomoc\u0105 wojskow\u0105, ku wschodnim regionom przylegaj\u0105cym do granicy z Egiptem, nasili\u0142y istniej\u0105ce napi\u0119cia mi\u0119dzy Turcj\u0105 a krajami arabskimi, szczeg\u00f3lnie Egiptem, kt\u00f3ry widzi to jako zagro\u017cenie swojej zachodniej granicy. Dzia\u0142ania Turcji na Bliskim Wschodzie og\u00f3lnie by\u0142y \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142em niepokoju wielu kraj\u00f3w arabskich, kt\u00f3re widz\u0105 w nich pr\u00f3b\u0119 Turcji usadowienia si\u0119 jako regionalne mocarstwo, kt\u00f3re stanowi zagro\u017cenie dla ich stabilno\u015bci<\/a>[1]<\/a>.\u00a0Niedawne pora\u017cki si\u0142 Haftara wzmog\u0142y wi\u0119c niepok\u00f3j w Zjednoczonych Emiratach Arabskich \u2013 g\u0142\u00f3wnie popieraj\u0105cych te si\u0142y \u2013 i w Egipcie, sk\u0142aniaj\u0105c egipskiego prezydenta 'Abd Al-Fattaha Al-Sisiego do wydania 6 czerwca Deklaracji Kairskiej, propozycji zawieszenia broni i politycznego rozwi\u0105zania w Libii. Deklaracja, wydana przez Al-Sisiego w obecno\u015bci genera\u0142a Haftara i przewodnicz\u0105cego pro-haftarowskiego parlamentu w Libii Wschodniej, Aguili Saleha, wzywa tak\u017ce do wycofania z Libii wszystkich zagranicznych si\u0142, w\u0142\u0105cznie z tureckimi<\/a>[2]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Kiedy odrzucono te inicjatyw\u0119 i si\u0142y Al-Sarrad\u017ca kontynuowa\u0142y marsz ku linii Sirte-Al-D\u017cufra, Al-Sisi wystosowa\u0142 gro\u017ab\u0119 z egipskiej bazy wojskowej na granicy Libii, m\u00f3wi\u0105c, \u017ce linia frontowa\u00a0Sirte-Al-D\u017cufra jest \u201eczerwon\u0105 lini\u0105\u201d, przekroczenie kt\u00f3rej doprowadzi do bezpo\u015bredniej egipskiej interwencji militarnej w Libii.<\/p>\n

Wiele kraj\u00f3w arabskich, w\u0142\u0105cznie ze Zjednoczonymi Emiratami Arabskimi, Arabi\u0105 Saudyjsk\u0105, Bahrajnem i Jordani\u0105, pospieszy\u0142y z wyrazami poparcia dla stanowiska egipskiego. Niekt\u00f3re z nich twierdzi\u0142y, \u017ce egipska interwencja militarna by\u0142aby legalna w oparciu o Wsp\u00f3lny Traktat Obronny, podpisany przez kilka kraj\u00f3w arabskich w 1950 r.<\/a>[3]<\/a>\u00a0Tak\u017ce Syria, kt\u00f3ra od listopada 2011 jest zawieszona w Lidze Arabskiej, do\u0142\u0105czy\u0142a do tych wyraz\u00f3w poparcia, chocia\u017c nie ma oficjalnych stosunk\u00f3w dyplomatycznych z wi\u0119kszo\u015bci\u0105 kraj\u00f3w arabskich, w\u0142\u0105cznie z Egiptem<\/a>[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Ponadto, na pro\u015bb\u0119 Egiptu 23 czerwca 2020 r. ministrowie spraw zagranicznych Ligi Arabskiej przeprowadzili konferencj\u0119 przez wideo, by om\u00f3wi\u0107 sytuacj\u0119 w Libii<\/a>[5]<\/a>.\u00a0Ich ko\u0144cowe o\u015bwiadczenie podkre\u015bla\u0142o wag\u0119 politycznego rozwi\u0105zania kryzysu libijskiego, wyra\u017caj\u0105c r\u00f3wnocze\u015bnie poparcie dla Deklaracji Kairskiej i sprzeciw wobec zagranicznych interwencji w Libii. Kilka pa\u0144stw wyrazi\u0142o zastrze\u017cenia do cz\u0119\u015bci o\u015bwiadczenia, w tym Katar, Tunezja i Somalia, jak r\u00f3wnie\u017c GNA<\/a>[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Wed\u0142ug doniesie\u0144, Parlament Arabski, podporz\u0105dkowany Lidze Arabskiej, zaaprobowa\u0142 zjednoczon\u0105 strategi\u0119 arabsk\u0105, kt\u00f3ra wzywa, w\u015br\u00f3d innych krok\u00f3w, do aktywowania Wsp\u00f3lnej Rady Obrony, organu ustanowionego przez Wsp\u00f3lny Traktat Obronny, w celu sformu\u0142owania posuni\u0119\u0107 militarnych. Ta strategia nast\u0119pnie zostanie przedstawiona do zaaprobowania Radzie Ligi Arabskiej<\/a>[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Arabskie poparcie dla stanowiska Al-Sisiego wyra\u017cono w licznych artyku\u0142ach prasowych z faworyzowaniem egipskiej interwencji militarnej jako sposobu zablokowania pr\u00f3b Turcji narzucenia hegemonii na kraje arabskie.<\/p>\n

Niniejsze opracowanie jest przegl\u0105dem gr\u00f3\u017ab Egiptu militarnej interwencji w Libii, jak r\u00f3wnie\u017c wyraz\u00f3w poparcia dla jego stanowiska w mediach arabskich.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

[Dalszy tekst nie jest spolszczony]<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.memri.org\/reports\/arab-media-supports-egypts-threat-intervene-militarily-libya-turkeys-attempts-become<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

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<\/a>[1]<\/a>\u00a0In recent years Turkey has increased its military involvement in several Arab countries, especially in Syria and Libya, which are experiencing civil wars. In late 2019 Turkey signed a security memorandum of understanding with the Libyan GNA permitting a Turkish military presence in Libya. The two sides also signed \u00a0a maritime agreement, based on which Turkey and the GNA have claimed large parts of the Mediterranean, thereby threatening the energy initiatives of several surrounding countries, including Egypt. Furthermore, Turkey’s and Qatar’s support of the Muslim Brotherhood, which Egypt and the Gulf countries have designated as a terrorist organization, is likewise perceived as an attempt to destabilize those countries and as part of Turkey’s bid to position itself as a regional power.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[2]<\/a>\u00a0Al-Yawm Al-Sabi’<\/em>\u00a0(Egypt), June 6, 2020.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[3]<\/a>\u00a0Al-Riyadh<\/em>\u00a0(Saudi Arabia), June 23, 2020. According to reports, the East Libya parliament has also stated that an activation of the joint treaty is called for (alwafd.news, June 21, 2020).<\/p>\n

<\/a>[4]<\/a>\u00a0The only Arab governments that currently have diplomatic relations with Syria are the UAE, which has reopened its embassy in Damascus, and Haftar’s government in East Libya. Syria’s support for Haftar is part of its conflict with Turkey, which has captured territory in northwestern Syria as well as a strip of land in the east of the country.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[5]<\/a>\u00a0According to a June 23 report in the London-based Saudi daily\u00a0Al-Sharq Al-Awsat<\/em>,\u00a0<\/em>prior to the meeting\u00a0<\/em>Qatar and Al-Sarraj’s GNA made efforts to ensure that no request would be made at the conference to activate the Joint Defense Treaty, and were apparently successful, since no such decision was taken. It should also be noted that, since 2015, President Al-Sisi has been pushing to establish a joint Arab military force, which would defend Egypt from the war in Libya. See MEMRI Inquiry & Analysis Series No. 1202,\u00a0Egypt-Saudi Arabia Relations: Substantial Rifts Despite Shared Basic Interests<\/a>, November 11, 2015.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[6]<\/a>Arabic.cnn.com, June 23, 2020. It should also be noted that, on the day before President Al-Sisi’s speech, Arab League Secretary-General Ahmed Abu Al-Gheit published an article in the Saudi daily\u00a0Al-Sharq Al-Awsat<\/em>\u00a0in which he claimed that the area suffers from „regional bullying” by Iran, Turkey, Ethiopia and Israel, who he said were seeking to gain a foothold in Arab countries. He urged the Arabs to formulate a joint security strategy in coordination with the Arab League (Al-Sharq Al-Awsat,<\/em>\u00a0London, June 19, 2020).<\/p>\n

<\/a>[7]<\/a>\u00a0Al-Sharq Al-Awsat<\/em>\u00a0(London), June 29, 2020;\u00a0Al-Riyadh<\/em>\u00a0(Saudi Arabia), June 28, 2020.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[8]<\/a>\u00a0This refers to the Libyan House of Representatives, currently based in the east of the country, recognized by the UN on the basis of the 2015 Skhirat Agreement.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[9]<\/a>\u00a0Al-Yawm Al-Sabi’<\/em>\u00a0(Egypt), June 20, 2020.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[10]<\/a>\u00a0Raialyoum.com, June 21, 2020.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[11]<\/a>\u00a0’Okaz<\/em>\u00a0(Saudi Arabia), June 21, 2020.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[12]<\/a>\u00a0Al-Khalij<\/em>\u00a0(UAE), June 21, 2020.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[13]<\/a>\u00a0Bahrain’s Foreign Ministry released an official statement, whereas Jordanian Foreign Minister Ayman Al-Safadi called his Egyptian counterpart Sameh Shoukry to express Jordan’s support for Egypt in light of the threats it is facing (raialyoum.com, alarabiya.net, June 21, 2020).<\/p>\n

<\/a>[14]<\/a>\u00a0Sana.sy, June 23, 2020.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[15]<\/a>\u00a0Raialyoum.com, June 24, 2020.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[16]<\/a>\u00a0(Egypt), June 30, 2020.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[17]<\/a>\u00a0Al-Yawm Al-Sabi’\u00a0<\/em>(Egypt), June 21, 2020.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[18]<\/a>\u00a0Al-Yawm Al-Sabi’\u00a0<\/em>(Egypt), June 22, 2020.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[19]<\/a>\u00a0Gate.ahram.org.eg, June 22, 2020.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[20]<\/a>\u00a0A reference to the expression „the sick man on the Bosphorus”, which was a European epithet for the Ottoman Empire in its final days.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[21]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0A reference to former Atari emir Hamad bin Khalifa Aal Thani and former prime minister Hamad bin Jassim.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[22]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0’Okaz<\/em>\u00a0(Saudi Arabia), June 21, 2020.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[23]<\/a>\u00a0The military campaign carried out by a coalition of Arab countries, led by Saudi Arabia and the UAE, in Yemen. Launched in March 2015, it aims to liberate the country from the Houthis, who control the capital Sanaa and other regions.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[24]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0’Okaz<\/em>\u00a0(Saudi Arabia), June 22, 2020.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[25]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Al-Ittihad<\/em>\u00a0(UAE), June 23, 2020.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[26]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Al-Khali<\/em>j (UAE), June 24, 2020.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[27]<\/a>See MEMRI \u00a0Inquiry & Analysis No. 1284 –\u00a0Growing Egypt-Syria Rapprochement Includes Al-Sisi Statement In Support Of Syrian Army, Reports On Egyptian Military Aid To Syria<\/a>\u2013 November 30, 2016; Inquiry & Analysis No. 1347 –\u00a0Egypt Draws Closer To Assad Regime: Openly Participates In Damascus International Fair, Brokers Ceasefire Agreements In Syria<\/a>\u2013 September 21, 2017.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[28]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0This is an allusion to the United Arab Republic, a political union formed by Egypt and Syria in 1958, which existed until 1961. The union also included the creation of a joint military force, consisting of the First Army, which comprised Syrian troops, and the Second and Third Armies, which were Egyptian.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[29]<\/a>\u00a0A reference to Egypt’s conflict with Ethiopia over the Al-Nahda Dam on the Nile, which can compromise Egypt’s water supply.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[30]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0Al-Watan<\/em>\u00a0(Syria), June 22, 2020.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Wprowadzenie Ostatnio nasili\u0142y si\u0119 walki w Libii mi\u0119dzy dwiema stronami w wojnie domowej w tym kraju: z jednej strony Rz\u0105dem Porozumienia Narodowego (GNA) pod kierownictwem Fajeza Al-Sarrad\u017ca, kt\u00f3ry ma poparcie ONZ, Turcji i Kataru, a tak\u017ce islamistycznych kr\u0119g\u00f3w w Libii, takich jak Bractwo Muzu\u0142ma\u0144skie (BM), a z drugiej strony Libijsk\u0105 Armi\u0105 Narodow\u0105 pod dow\u00f3dztwem genera\u0142a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14417,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[824,835,836,837,843,845,847,863],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-14415","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"hentry","7":"category-specjalne-komunikaty","8":"category-archiwum","9":"category-tematy","10":"category-kraje","11":"category-turcja","12":"category-stosunki-wewnatrzarabskie","14":"category-egipt"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www2.memri.org\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14415","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www2.memri.org\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www2.memri.org\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www2.memri.org\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www2.memri.org\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14415"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www2.memri.org\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14415\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14419,"href":"https:\/\/www2.memri.org\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14415\/revisions\/14419"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www2.memri.org\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14417"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www2.memri.org\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14415"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www2.memri.org\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14415"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www2.memri.org\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14415"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}