{"id":13372,"date":"2019-11-07T22:11:38","date_gmt":"2019-11-07T21:11:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www2.memri.org\/polish\/?p=13372"},"modified":"2019-11-07T22:11:38","modified_gmt":"2019-11-07T21:11:38","slug":"decyzja-sadu-w-ramallah-o-zablokowaniu-stron-internetowych-opozycji-wywolala-krytyke-ze-strony-palestynskich-dziennikarzy-i-funkcjonariuszy-autonomii-palestynskiej","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www2.memri.org\/polish\/decyzja-sadu-w-ramallah-o-zablokowaniu-stron-internetowych-opozycji-wywolala-krytyke-ze-strony-palestynskich-dziennikarzy-i-funkcjonariuszy-autonomii-palestynskiej\/13372","title":{"rendered":"Decyzja s\u0105du w Ramallah o zablokowaniu stron internetowych opozycji wywo\u0142a\u0142a krytyk\u0119 ze strony palesty\u0144skich dziennikarzy i funkcjonariuszy Autonomii Palesty\u0144skiej"},"content":{"rendered":"

17 pa\u017adziernika 2019 r. s\u0105d w Ramallah przychyli\u0142 si\u0119 do pro\u015bby prokuratora generalnego Autonomii Palesty\u0144skiej (AP), Akrama Al-Chatiba, by zablokowa\u0107 59 stron internetowych i kont Facebooka na podstawie tego, \u017ce zawieraj\u0105 \u201ewyra\u017cenia i obrazy, kt\u00f3re zagra\u017caj\u0105 bezpiecze\u0144stwu narodowemu i porz\u0105dkowi publicznemu, naruszaj\u0105 normy porz\u0105dku i obyczajno\u015bci, pod\u017cegaj\u0105 do zamieszek w spo\u0142ecze\u0144stwie palesty\u0144skim\u201d i \u201eatakuj\u0105 i obra\u017caj\u0105 symbole AP”<\/a>[1]<\/strong><\/a>. Wiele z zablokowanych stron identyfikuje si\u0119 z rywalami palesty\u0144skiego prezydenta Mahmouda 'Abbasa, a szczeg\u00f3lnie z Hamasem i z obozem Muhammada Dahlana, i cz\u0119sto daj\u0105 one wyraz ostrej krytyce polityki AP<\/a>[2]<\/strong><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Decyzja wywo\u0142a\u0142a oburzenie w\u015br\u00f3d dziennikarzy, intelektualist\u00f3w, dzia\u0142aczy na rzecz wolnej prasy i organizacji palesty\u0144skiego spo\u0142ecze\u0144stwa obywatelskiego, jak r\u00f3wnie\u017c kilku funkcjonariuszy AP. Przewodnicz\u0105cy Palesty\u0144skiego Zwi\u0105zku Dziennikarzy, Nasser Abu Bakr, nazwa\u0142 to \u201eczarnym dniem w historii palesty\u0144skiego dziennikarstwa\u201d, dodaj\u0105c, \u017ce ta decyzja pogwa\u0142ci\u0142a wolno\u015b\u0107 prasy i mia\u0142a polityczn\u0105 motywacj\u0119<\/a>[3]<\/strong><\/a>. Sam Zwi\u0105zek Dziennikarzy i Niezale\u017cna Komisja Praw Cz\u0142owieka AP zaapelowali do S\u0105du Konstytucyjnego AP, by uniewa\u017cni\u0142 t\u0119 decyzj\u0119<\/a>[4]<\/strong><\/a>. Cz\u0142onkini Komitetu Wykonawczego OWP, Hanan 'Ashrawi, wyrazi\u0142a zdumienie t\u0105 decyzj\u0105 i za\u017c\u0105da\u0142a odwo\u0142ania jej przez odpowiednie w\u0142adze oraz zrewidowani<\/a>a praw AP o cyberprzest\u0119pstwach<\/em>[5]<\/em><\/strong><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Tak\u017ce premier Muhammad Sztajjeh sprzeciwi\u0142 si\u0119 blokowaniu stron, poniewa\u017c narusza to zasad\u0119 wolno\u015bci s\u0142owa, kt\u00f3ra jest zapisana w prawie AP i w mi\u0119dzynarodowych konwencjach, i wezwa\u0142 do anulowania decyzji<\/em><\/a>[6]<\/em><\/strong><\/a>.\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>Rzecznik rz\u0105du AP wyda\u0142 o\u015bwiadczenie w podobnym duchu<\/em><\/a>[7]<\/em><\/strong><\/a>. Nie jest jednak jasne, czy to stanowisko rz\u0105du, sprzeczne ze stanowiskiem prokuratora generalnego i s\u0105du AP, odzwierciedla rzeczywist\u0105 r\u00f3\u017cnic\u0119 zda\u0144 w kierownictwie AP na legalne sposoby walki z opozycja, czy te\u017c jedynie ma na celu stworzenie wra\u017cenie, szczeg\u00f3lnie na Zachodzie, \u017ce Palesty\u0144czycy popieraj\u0105 wolno\u015b\u0107 s\u0142owa, aby unikn\u0105\u0107 mi\u0119dzynarodowego pot\u0119pienia.<\/em><\/p>\n

W tym kontek\u015bcie nale\u017cy wspomnie\u0107, \u017ce w ostatnich miesi\u0105cach prezydent AP, Abbas, dokona\u0142 licznych zmian w palesty\u0144skim systemie s\u0105downiczym, na przyk\u0142ad, przez zmuszanie s\u0119dzi\u00f3w do przej\u015bcia na emerytur\u0119 i rozwi\u0105zanie Wysokiej Rady S\u0105downiczej, i mianowanie w jej miejsce tymczasowej rady<\/a>[8]<\/strong><\/a>. Niekt\u00f3rzy uwa\u017caj\u0105 te kroki za ra\u017c\u0105c\u0105 ingerencj\u0119 w s\u0105downictwo, kt\u00f3re ma by\u0107 niezale\u017cne, jak r\u00f3wnie\u017c podwa\u017canie rozdzia\u0142u w\u0142adz<\/a>[9]<\/strong><\/a>. Ponadto w przesz\u0142o\u015bci Abbas nie waha\u0142 si\u0119 u\u017cywania s\u0105d\u00f3w do walki ze swoimi rywalami politycznymi, na przyk\u0142ad w grudniu 2018 r., kiedy Konstytucyjny S\u0105d AP, kt\u00f3ry ustanowi\u0142, rozwi\u0105za\u0142 Palesty\u0144sk\u0105 Rad\u0119 Ustawodawcz\u0105, w kt\u00f3rej Hamas mia\u0142 wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107<\/a>[10]<\/strong><\/a>.\u00a0Nie po raz pierwszy r\u00f3wnie\u017c AP zablokowa\u0142a strony internetowe swoich przeciwnik\u00f3w. W czerwcu 2017 r. \u00f3wczesny prokurator generalny, Ahmad Barak, rozkaza\u0142 zablokowanie 11 stron zwi\u0105zanych z Hamasem i obozem Dahlana<\/a>[11]<\/strong><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Sprzeciw wobec decyzji s\u0105du wyra\u017cono tak\u017ce w artyku\u0142ach w prasie palesty\u0144skiej za wyj\u0105tkiem tuby AP, \u201eAl-Hayat Al-Jadida. Argumentuj\u0105c, \u017ce zablokowanie stron odzwierciedla przestarza\u0142\u0105 i niedemokratyczn\u0105 mentalno\u015b\u0107, i \u017ce wolna i \u015bmia\u0142a prasa jest w rzeczywisto\u015bci \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142em si\u0142y dla pa\u0144stwa, wzywano w tych artyku\u0142ach AP do popierania publicznej debaty zamiast d\u0142awienia innego zdania,<\/em><\/p>\n

Poni\u017cej podajemy fragmenty dw\u00f3ch z tych artyku\u0142\u00f3w.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

[Ci\u0105g dalszy tekstu nie jest spolszczony]\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"
\nCartoon in the daily\u00a0Al-Quds<\/em>\u00a0on the decision to block the websites (Al-Quds<\/em>, Jerusalem, October 22, 2019)<\/p>\n

Palestinian Columnist: Even Third World Countries Realize That Blocking Websites Is Pointless<\/strong><\/p>\n

In his column in the PA daily\u00a0Al-Ayyam,<\/em>\u00a0'Abd Al-Ghani Salameh likened the Ramallah court’s decision to the attempts by 20th<\/sup>\u00a0century dictatorial regimes to restrict the freedom of the press, attempts that only hastened their downfall. This mentality, he said, is obsolete and must pass from the world, since the most stable and prosperous states are actually the ones that have a robust opposition and a free press. He wrote: „The totalitarian and dictatorial regimes of the world all used to strictly censor the media, prevent any exposure to foreign media, and force their security policy and their political and ideological perceptions upon the citizenry. This was achieved by means of an obsequious press and a group of recruited journalists and writers, [and by means of] a vapid official discourse [consisting of] revolutionary slogans and overused pre-prepared statements that glorified the supreme leader and the state’s many achievements, vilified the enemies of the revolution and the homeland, and cursed the opposition, [accusing it of serving] shady foreign agendas. Despite all this, the peoples rose up and rebelled, and the [dictatorial] governments fell and were replaced.<\/p>\n

„Today, after the communications revolution, in the age of satellite channels, the internet, social media and smartphones, and an unprecedentedly open [flow of information] among the various parts of the world, it is no longer possible to censor people’s awareness or to direct them. The governments can no longer restrict the citizens’ freedom of choice and determine their ideological or political orientation… Even in the Third World governments have realized that there is no point in blocking websites or restricting the flow of information, news and images. Only North Korea has not yet joined the [modern] age, and it seems that the Magistrate Court in Ramallah regards it as an inspiring model for emulation…<\/p>\n

„Attempts to exclude the opposition through [measures of] state oppression [such as] gagging people, filling prisons with protesters and activists, and assassinating [dissidents]… have always failed. In fact, such measures usually boomerang against the government, and a brief glance at the Arab Spring revolutions is sufficient to clarify this picture.<\/p>\n

„The safe, stable and prosperous countries are the ones that have a strong opposition, active [political] parties and labor unions, freedom of speech and of thought, and a powerful press. In these countries nobody can even conceive of a military coup taking place, and in the rare cases where it does occur, it [tends to] fail. The masses of today are not the masses of yesterday. Today people are open and aware, and understand what is happening around them… [The protests] in Lebanon and Iraq are the latest examples of this. In the Israeli Knesset, for example, the second-largest party becomes the official opposition, and not only is it not oppressed, but it is granted many rights and a role in decision-making. It is no secret that the strength and resilience of a country are rooted in the existence of a free and bold press, that [can] criticize any senior figure, and whoever follows the [Israeli] Hebrew press sees how every journalist and writer dares to write whatever he wants and to criticize any minister.<\/p>\n

„[Conversely,] in Ramallah, the Magistrate Court decided to block 59 online news websites. This decision sparked a considerable wave of condemnation, notably including a statement by the [PA] government itself calling to reverse the decision. The [Palestinian] Journalists Union described the decision as an assassination of freedom of speech and thought and a black day in the history of Palestinian journalism…<\/p>\n

„The most appropriate way to fortify public order is first of all to investigate the reasons for its fragility, address them as much as possible and invite public discourse that is modern and appealing in [both] form and content, which respects the public’s intelligence and [its various political] orientations. As for fake news, rumors and smear campaigns, they should not be handled by blocking [websites] but through transparency, high-quality media performance, open communication with the people about every subject, and a law ensuring freedom of information. The government must realize that gagging people always produces the opposite result.<\/p>\n

„The approach of the [Ramallah] court, which regards itself as the guardian of the people and thinks that the citizens are a herd of minors in need of supervision and guidance, reflects a paternalistic perception that belongs to the past. The very act of blocking [media outlets] indicates poor performance and a lack of [mutual] trust between the government and the public, and exposes the extent of [the court’s] ignorance of modern technology. Experience shows that no country has ever successfully implemented a policy of blocking [the media]. Today almost every citizen has social media accounts, and every report, article or image that is blocked can be downloaded to one’s personal computer and disseminated [even] more widely… Blocking such a large number of sites contravenes all the past governments’ commitments and understandings with the Journalists Union, and also contravenes the promises of the current prime minister, [Muhammad Shtayyeh], to ensure the freedom of the media. This is also an opportunity to mention the cybercrime law, which has become a sword hanging over the necks of the journalists and columnists, and also blackens the image of Palestine in terms of protecting journalists and the freedom of speech. It is inconceivable that this law should be implemented using tools dating back to the 1960s and 1970s! This is a wretched mentality, and it is time for it to pass from the world.”<\/a>[12]<\/a><\/p>\n

Palestinian Writer: If We Fail To Allow Democratic Discourse, We Will Surely Fail To Achieve National Liberation<\/strong><\/p>\n

Another\u00a0Al-Ayyam<\/em>\u00a0columnist, 'Abd Al-Majid Sweilem, expressed understanding for the court’s decision to block the websites, which, he said, are waging a systematic campaign to sabotage the Palestinian national enterprise and some of them are even supported by Israel. He stressed, however, that gagging all opposition media was an unacceptable and oppressive measure, and that the solution actually lay in developing a culture of democratic discourse in the PA. He wrote: „The timing of this decision \u2013 amid the democratic momentum [we are seeing] in several neighboring Arab countries, and in light of the legitimate leadership’s determination to hold elections in order to thwart the intentions\u2026 of those who [propose] alternative plans or substitutes for the Palestinian national enterprise, [and also in order to thwart] the regional agendas intended to dismantle and dissolve the unity and legitimacy of the PLO in the eyes of the Palestinian people<\/a>[13]<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 [this timing] will place us all, [the Palestinian] people and national leadership, in a very difficult political situation, and will provide all our rivals with new ammunition with which to advance their plans…<\/p>\n

„We all know how these websites and [social media] accounts are used to harm our national enterprise, and we all follow the huge amounts of lies, fabrications and rumors that some of them disseminate… We all know that some of them are operated by corrupt and even hostile [elements]. In fact, we all know there is sufficient evidence that some of them are funded by Israel, directly or indirectly. At the same time, we also know that some of them [just] disagree with us, but are not our enemies, and are entitled to wage a [political] campaign against us, just as we wage such a campaign against them…<\/p>\n

„Some of us perhaps know that the list of [websites] that have been blocked\u2026 does not encompass the entire campaign that is being waged against us, against our [national] enterprise, and against our rights and goals, and that there is daily plotting aimed at blackening our image, harming our [national] identity and destroying our reputation. This [campaign, which]\u00a0is organized and funded in a skilled and professional manner, at the highest levels\u2026\u00a0is actually another reason to enhance our national awareness, improve our performance and examine our consciousness, not to ban and block [websites] and take other oppressive measures.<\/p>\n

„Blocking [websites] is a sign of helplessness, not of national strength. It is [part of] an obsolete culture, which does not suit our situation and circumstances, and plays into the hands of all those who attack us… Why not [establish] websites [promoting national] awareness and truth, skilled at responding and [proposing an alternative] discourse, which will be able to present proof, arguments and evidence [against our detractors]?<\/p>\n

„[And] why are we on the defensive in the first place, and blocking [websites]? Is it because they [i.e., the opposition] are democratic and we are not?! I say once again that we are the most qualified of democrats, better able [than others] to present a complex and sophisticated discourse. If we fail to present a democratic model [of discourse], we will surely fail to complete our [national] enterprise of liberation.”<\/a>[14]<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

<\/a>[1]<\/a>\u00a0Al-Ayyam<\/em>\u00a0(PA), October 22, 2019.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[2]<\/a>\u00a0Al-Quds<\/em>\u00a0(Jerusalem), October 21, 2019.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[3]<\/a>\u00a0Al-Hayat Al-Jadida<\/em>\u00a0(PA), October 23, 2019.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[4]<\/a>\u00a0Al-Sharq Al-Awsat<\/em>\u00a0(London), October 25, 2019.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[5]<\/a>\u00a0Maannews.net, October 22, 2019.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[6]<\/a>\u00a0Al-Hayat Al-Jadida<\/em>\u00a0(PA), October 23, 2019.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[7]<\/a>\u00a0Al-Hayat Al-Jadida<\/em>\u00a0(PA), October 22, 2019.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[8]<\/a>\u00a0Wafa.ps, July 18, 2019.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[9]<\/a>\u00a0Palestinian attorney Ibrahim Sha’ban, for example, wrote in the\u00a0Al-Quds<\/em>\u00a0daily that these measures contravened the PA Basic Law and undermined the independence of the judiciary.\u00a0Al-Quds<\/em>\u00a0(Jerusalem), August 16, 2019.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[10]<\/a>\u00a0For more on the dissolution of the PLC, see the introduction to MEMRI Inquiry & Analysis No. 1433,\u00a0Fatah-Hamas Schism Widens Further Following Ruling By Palestinian Authority Constitutional Court \u2013 Established By Palestinian Authority President 'Abbas \u2013 To Disband Palestinian Legislative Council<\/a>, January 22, 2019. For PA criticism of the concentration of powers in the hands of 'Abbas, see MEMRI Special Dispatch No. 5419,\u00a0Opposition To 'Abbas Emerging Within Palestinian Authority: Senior Fatah Members Criticize Government For Anti-Democratic Methods, Corruption<\/a>, August 23, 2013.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[11]<\/a>\u00a0Al-Quds Al-Arabi<\/em>\u00a0(London), June 15, 2017.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[12]<\/a>\u00a0Al-Ayyam<\/em>\u00a0(PA), October 23, 2019.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[13]<\/a>\u00a0The reference is apparently to Iran and Qatar, which supports Hamas and\/or to the UAE, which supports the Dahlan camp.<\/p>\n

<\/a>[14]<\/a>\u00a0Al-Ayyam<\/em>\u00a0(PA), October 24, 2019.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

17 pa\u017adziernika 2019 r. s\u0105d w Ramallah przychyli\u0142 si\u0119 do pro\u015bby prokuratora generalnego Autonomii Palesty\u0144skiej (AP), Akrama Al-Chatiba, by zablokowa\u0107 59 stron internetowych i kont Facebooka na podstawie tego, \u017ce zawieraj\u0105 \u201ewyra\u017cenia i obrazy, kt\u00f3re zagra\u017caj\u0105 bezpiecze\u0144stwu narodowemu i porz\u0105dkowi publicznemu, naruszaj\u0105 normy porz\u0105dku i obyczajno\u015bci, pod\u017cegaj\u0105 do zamieszek w spo\u0142ecze\u0144stwie palesty\u0144skim\u201d i \u201eatakuj\u0105 i […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13373,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[824,828,835,837],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13372","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-specjalne-komunikaty","category-autonomia-palestynska","category-archiwum","category-kraje"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www2.memri.org\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13372","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www2.memri.org\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www2.memri.org\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www2.memri.org\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www2.memri.org\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13372"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www2.memri.org\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13372\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13374,"href":"https:\/\/www2.memri.org\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13372\/revisions\/13374"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www2.memri.org\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13373"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www2.memri.org\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13372"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www2.memri.org\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13372"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www2.memri.org\/polish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13372"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}